kumar ideology

       CRO PARTS AND ITS WORKING An  oscilloscope , previously called an  oscillograph ,  and informally known as a  scope ,  CRO  (for cathode-ray oscilloscope), or  DSO  (for the more modern digital storage oscilloscope), is a type of  electronic test instrument  that allows observation of constantly varying signal  voltages , usually as a two-dimensional plot of one or more signals as a function of time. Other signals (such as sound or vibration) can be converted to voltages and displayed. Description The basic oscilloscope, as shown in the illustration, is typically divided into four sections: the display, vertical controls, horizontal controls and trigger controls. The display is usually a CRT or LCD panel which is laid out with both horizontal and vertical reference lines referred to as the graticule. In addition to the screen, most display sections are equipped with three basic cont...

      INTRODUCTION OF TRANSDUCERS  A transducer is a device that convert one form of energy to other form. It converts the measurand to a usable electrical signal.   In other word it is a device that is capable of converting the physical quantity into a proportional electrical quantity such as voltage or current. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF TRANSDUCERS • Transducer contains two parts that are closely related to each other i.e. the sensing element and transduction element.  • The sensing element is called as the sensor. It is device producing measurable response to change in physical conditions.  • The transduction element convert the sensor output to suitable electrical form. CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSDUCERS 1. Ruggedness  2. Linearity  3. Repeatability  4. Accuracy  5. High stabilityand reliability  6. Speed of response  7. Sensitivity  8. Small size TRANSDUCERS SELECTION FACT...

Nuclear Power Plant - What is it? A nuclear power plant is a facility for obtaining electrical energy using nuclear energy. Its operation is similar to that of a thermal power plant or that of a solar thermal plant: from a source of energy thermodynamics is used to obtain heat, with the heat to get steam and with the steam to drive a turbine that will generate electricity. The difference between the different types of electrical installations is in the energy source: a nuclear power plant uses the heat released in the nuclear fission reactions of certain atoms, in a thermal power station the heat source (thermal energy) comes from the combustion of one or more fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, fuel ...). Finally in thermoelectric solar plants, the source of energy is solar radiation. As in a conventional thermal power plant the heat is used to generate steam that drives a steam turbine connected to a generator tha...

Thermal Power Plants Thermal power plants use water as working fluid. Nuclear and coal based power plants fall under this category. The way energy from fuel gets transformed into electricity forms the working of a power plant. In a thermal power plant a steam turbine is rotated with help of high pressure and high temperature steam and this rotation is transferred to a generator to produce electricity. Fig.1 Power is produced in thermal power plants by rotating steam turbine Energy absorption from steam When turbine blades get rotated by high pressure high temperature steam, the steam loses its energy. This in turn will result in a low pressure and low temperature steam at the outlet of the turbine. Here steam is expanded till saturation point is reached. Since there is no heat addition or removal from the steam, ideally entropy of the steam remains same. This change is depicted in the following p-v and T-s diagrams. If we can bring this low pressure, low temperature st...